Across Europe from Ireland to the Levant, and from the Mediterranean basin as far north as the Low Countries and Germany.
Upper photograph: Northern Ireland, c.1975.
A frequently encountered species of limestone grasslands, old limestone quarries, maquis and sand dunes. Nearly always self-pollinated.
Middle photographs: Lower Lough Erne, Northern Ireland, 2004.
© Paul Hackney
Click photographs for larger images.
Fruit, Craigavon Lake, Northern Ireland, 2004
© Paul Hackney
Seeds from a Northern Irish plant: greatly magnified.
© Paul Hackney
Plants in Belfast Harbour Estate, N Ireland.
© Tom Ennis
Bottom photograph: Alicante Province, Spain 2006.
© Paul Hackney